$BJ82=AjBP

I

$B!!!V0[$J$kJ82=$KB0$9$k?M!9$O0[$J$k@$3&$K=;$`!#!W$3$l$,J82=AjBP/$J$/$H$b$3$&$7$??.G0$KAH$9$k$?$$$F$$$Nr7o$K]$K$D$$$F$NM-0U$J5"7k$r0z$-=P$=$&$H$7$F$$$k$o$1$G$b$J$1$l$P!"$=$l$r$-$A$s$H>ZL@$7$h$&$H$9$k$o$1$G$b$J$/!"$^$7$F$d$=$l$r>ZL@$9$k$3$H$,<+$i$NG$L3$G$"$k$H9M$($F!"%U%#!<%k%I$KIk$$$F$$$k$o$1$G$b$J$$!#$=$l$i$O!VM}O@E*!W$JL?Bj$H$7$FJz$+$l$F$$$k$o$1$G$O$J$$$N$G$"$k!#$3$&$7$?L?Bj$r$K0l$D$NN)>l$H8F$S$&$k$H$7$F$b!"$=$l$O$"$^$j$K$bL5KIHw$JN)>l$@$H$$$&$3$H$K$J$m$&!#(B

$B!!$3$&$7$?;v>p$O!"?MN`3X$K$*$$$F6aG/$O$C$-$j$H0l$D$N798~$r7A:n$j$D$D$"$k!VH?!]AjBPl$KBP$9$k%.!<%"%D$N7c$7$$H?H/$NCf$K$b8+$F$H$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!J(BGeertz 1984 $B!K!#H`$O!"$3$l$i$NH?AjBP$N$C$?$j$9$k$b$N$rJL$H$9$l$P!"$D$M$K$=$l$KH?BP$9$k$C$FM}O@E*$JO@Ah$H$$$&$h$j$O!"1s$/3V$?$C$?B>J$K$h$j$+$+$k$3$H$+$i$/$k!"46@-$NF_Ka$H@:?@$NJP69$5$,$b$?$i$94m81$K$D$$$FCm0U$rB%$7$F$$$?$@$1$N$3$H$J$N$@!#!J%.!<%"%D$K$h$k$HH?!]AjBPl$,$=$b$=$bB8:_$9$k$3$H<+BN$rH]Dj$9$k$H$H$b$K!"J82=AjBP

II

$B$3$N5DO@$K$O$b$A$m$s$*$*$$$K6&46$G$-$kItJ,$,$"$k!#J82=AjBPe$N$b$N$G$O$J$+$C$?$H$$$&$o$1$G$O$J$$$,!"$=$l$,0B0W$K!V?M4VE*IaJW!W$r8}$K$9$k$3$H$r?MN`3X57$J$/$5$l$kCm0U?.9f$H$7$F$NLr3d$r!"N)GI$K2L$7$F$-$?$o$1$@!#$7$+$7!"$=$l$,$"$/$^$GC1$J$k!V7Y9p!W0J>e$N$b$N$G$O$J$+$C$?$H2A$9$k$H$$$&$d$j$+$?$O!"$=$NL?Bj$rJ[8n$9$k0J>e$K4m81$K$5$i$9$3$H$K$b$J$k$N$@$H$$$&$3$H$rK:$l$F$O$J$i$J$$!#H?!]AjBP2$J82=$NM%1[!W$H$$$&>e2<3,AXE*$JCa=x$r!"!VH`$i$r$7$FH`$i$@$1$N@$3&$K=;$^$o$7$a$h!W$H$$$&!"G'<1$K$+$s$9$k!V%"%Q%k%H%X%$%H!W$K$h$C$FCV$-49$($?$@$1$@$H8@$o$l$F$bJ86g$N$D$1$h$&$,$"$k$^$$!#(B

$B!!$7$+$7%.!<%"%D$O2?8N$3$N$h$&$J4m81$rHH$7$F$^$G$b!"AjBP/$J$/$H$b!"0[$J$kJ82=$KB0$9$k?M!9$N35G0BN7O$,0[$J$C$F$$$k$H$$$&$N$O!"$"$k0UL#$G$"$^$j$K$bL@Gr$J;v\$7$/$_$k$h$&$K!";z5A$I$*$j$K$H$k$HAjBPo$K9b2A$JBe2A$KBP$7$F$J$N$G$"$k$+$i!#$H$9$l$P%.!<%"%D$OH`$NE(BPl$G$NITMx$J@o$$$r$?$s$K2sHr$7$h$&$H$7$F$$$k$@$1$J$N$@!#(B

$B!!%.!<%"%D$K$J$i$C$F!"H?!]AjBP$K$=$&$7$?L?Bj$r$R$-$&$1$k$3$H$NBe2A$,!"H?!]AjBP

III

$B$b$C$?$$$V$kI,MW$OA4A3$J$$!#AjBP/$7$G$b9M$($?$3$H$N$"$k$JOC$G$"$k$,!"2>$K$=$3$^$G8@$o$J$$$H$7$F$b!"$b$7!V0[$J$kJ82=$KB0$9$k?M$S$H$,:,K\E*$K0[$J$C$?@$3&$K=;$`!W$H$$$&AjBP]l9g2f!9$OAjBP $B!!$3$N$3$H$@$1$r$b$C$F$b!"AjBP@\E*$+$D=EBg$JLdBj$rDs5/$9$k$H$C$F$=$l$i$K$h$C$F5,Dj$5$l$F$$$k$H$5$l$k$H$3$m$N%+%F%4%j!e$N7hDjE*$JH?>Z$,I,MW$J$o$1$G$O$J$$$G$"$m$&$K!#(B

$B!!AjBPe$K$=$&$J$N$G$"$k!#$9$/$J$/$H$b!"E,NL$NIaJW$r2C$($F$d$kDxEY$N$3$H$G$O$1$C$7$F2r7h$G$-$J$$LdBj$G$"$k$3$H$O3N$+$@!#;d$O$9$0$K$b$3$NE@$N8!F$$K$H$j$+$+$m$&$H;W$&!#$7$+$7$=$NA0$K!"%9%Z%k%Y%k$d%V%m%C%/$,LdBj$K$9$kAjBP$N7g4Y$K$D$$$F!"

IV

$B!!%9%Z%k%Y%k$,@b$/$H$3$m$K$h$k$H!"AjBPuBV$+$i@.=O>uBV$X$H;j$k0lO"$N>uBV$N7Q5/$H0\9T$r5-=R$7@bL@$7$h$&$H$9$k$b$N$G$"$k$,!"AjBPO@$O$3$N=i@8>uBV$H@.=O>uBV$H$N3V$?$j$rDL>o9M$($i$l$F$$$k$h$j$b$O$k$+$KBg$-$$$b$N$H$9$k$P$+$j$G$J$/!"@8BN$NB&$K$b$O$k$+$KK-$+$J@8F@G=NO$r2>Dj$;$6$k$rF@$J$/$7$F$7$^$&$H$$$&$N$G$"$k!J(BSperber op.cit.91-96$B!K!#$I$NJ82=$K@8$l$*$A$k$+$K1~$8$F!"Aj8_$KDLLsIT2DG=$J$[$I$KB?MM$G$"$k$H$5$l$k=tJ82=$N$&$A$NG$0U$N0l$D$r=$F@$G$-$k?M4V$O!"$?$H$($F8@$($P!"!V8$$N$J$+$G0i$F$i$l$k$+G-$N$J$+$G0i$F$i$l$k$+$K$h$C$F!"8$$+G-$+$I$A$i$+$NG'<1G=NO$rH/C#$5$;$k!W$3$H$,$G$-$k$h$&$J@8BN$K$bAjEv$9$kB8:_$G$"$k!#$3$&$7$?B8:_$,!"$?$s$K8$$G$"$k$3$H$"$k$$$OG-$G$"$k$3$H$K$^$7$FK-$+$J@8F@G=NO$rI,MW$H$7$F$$$k$3$H$OL@Gr$G$"$k!#$5$i$K$3$&$7$?@8BN$,=i@8>uBV$GD>LL$7$F$$$k@$3&$b!"$=$3$+$i$?$s$K8$$N@$3&$"$k$$$OG-$N@$3&$N$$$:$l$+$@$1$r9=C[$9$l$P$h$$$@$1$N$b$N$K$/$i$Y$F!"?tB?$/$N0[$J$k@$3&$N$$$:$l$b$,9=C[$5$l$&$k$h$&$J!"$O$k$+$K:.FY$H$7$?@$3&$@$H9M$($M$P$J$i$L$3$H$K$J$k!#$3$&$7$?A[Dj$O3N$+$K?4M}3X $B!!;d$O?4M}3X$K$D$$$F$O2?$+$r3N8@$G$-$kN)>l$K$O$J$$!#?M4V$,$-$o$a$FJ#;($J@8BN$G$"$k$H9M$($k$3$H$,?4M}3X$K$H$C$FET9g$,0-$$$H$$$&$N$J$i$=$l$G$b$h$$!#$?$@2>$K$3$N5DO@$,@5$7$$$H$7$F$b!"$@$+$i$H$$$C$F$3$&$7$?E@$G$N?M4V$N@8F@G=NO$r:G=i$+$i@)8B$7$F$+$+$i$M$P$J$i$J$$$H$$$&@Q6KE*$JM}M3$O!">/$J$/$H$b;d$K$O$o$+$i$J$$!#$5$i$K$3$N5DO@$,A0Ds$H$7$F$$$kH/C#?4M}3X$N%b%G%k<+BN$K7hDjE*$J7g4Y$,$"$k!#(B

$B!!%9%Z%k%Y%k$K$h$k$H$3$N%b%G%k$G$O!"@:?@$,>uBV#n$+$i>uBV#n!\#1$X$I$N$h$&$K0\9T$9$k$+$r@bL@$9$k$?$a$K!">uBV#n$K$*$$$FuBV#n$K$*$1$k4D6-$+$i$N$"$i$f$kF~NO>pJs$N$_$rMW0x$H$7$F$_$H$a$k!"$D$^$jH/C#$N$"$kCJ3,$O$=$NA0CJ3,$N$_$K$h$C$F5,Dj$5$l$k$H9M$($k$o$1$G$"$k!#$3$l$OA4$/$b$C$H$b$JA[Dj$G$"$k$h$&$K8+$($k!#$"$kH/C#CJ3,$NpJs$rB8J,$KMxMQ$9$k$3$H$@$1$rDL$8$F!" $B!!9,$$$J$3$H$K!"?M4V$K$*$$$F$O;vBV$O$1$C$7$F$3$N$h$&$K$O?J9T$7$J$$!#$"$kCJ3,$NpJs$r$d$j$/$j$7$F<+$i:n$j$"$2$k$o$1$G$O$J$$!#$=$&$@$H$9$l$PH`$,$=$l$K@.8y$9$k2DG=@-$O$-$o$a$FDc$$$H$$$o$6$k$rF@$^$$!#pJs$N$J$+$K$O8@8l>pJs$b4^$^$l$k$H$$$&H?O@$,$"$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!#$=$N>l9g!"$3$N%b%G%k$N8+$+$1>e$NC1=c$5$O<:$o$l$F$7$^$&$3$H$K$J$k!#%9%Z%k%Y%k$O4D6-$+$i$NF~NO>pJs$,!V4Q;!$HpJs$N>l9g$3$H$O$=$&4JC1$G$O$J$$!#;R6!$O$?$s$K$"$kpJs$H$7$F$$$k$N$@$m$&$+!"$=$N2?$+$H$O$J$s$@$m$&$+!#$3$&$$$C$?LdBj$rL$2r7h$N$^$^$+$+$(9~$`$3$H$K$J$k$N$G$"$k!#$3$l$OF1;~$K%9%Z%k%Y%k$NAjBPO@$KBP$9$kHcH=$,8zNO$r<:$&$3$H$G$b$"$k!#!K7k6I?M4V$O8$$dG-$G$O$J$$$7!"8$$dG-$NH/C#$N%b%G%k$G$O@bL@$G$-$J$$!#$"$kJ82=8GM-$NFC

V

$B%b!<%j%9!&%V%m%C%/$O$=$NAjBP@\8!F$$7$F$$$k$N$O!" $B!!%V%m%C%/$K$h$l$P$3$NL?Bj$N6q9g$N0-$$E@$O!"$=$l$,u67$r$^$C$?$/?7$?$J8+J}$G8+$J$*$74{B8$N]$K$"$i$+$8$aE,9gE*$K7A$E$/$i$l$F$$$k0J>e!"?7$?$J8+$J$*$7$J$I$H$$$&$b$N$OIT2DG=$@$+$i!W$G$"$k!J(BBloch op.cit. 281$B!K!#$"$kC$7$J$$!#2eIt9=B$$,M?$($k8@MU$,$=$l$K$D$$$F8l$k$3$H$r5v$9M#0l$N8@MU$@$H$9$k$J$i!"$=$7$F$=$l$K$h$C$F8l$k$3$H$,2DG=$G$"$k$H$9$k$J$i!"$=$N$h$&$K8l$i$l$&$k2$C$F!" $B!!%V%m%C%/$K$h$k$H!"$3$NFqE@$r$[$s$H$&$K2r>C$9$k$?$a$K$O!">eIt9=B$$,M?$($k8@MU$H$OJL$K!"2oE*$H$$$&Fso$N%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$G;HMQ$5$l$k%7%9%F%`!"J}$G$O!"JL$NA4$/0[$J$C$?!"Hf3SE*4q0[$GJ82=$4$H$K$O$k$+$K8DJLE*$JJ,N`BN7O$K$b$H$E$$$?%7%9%F%`$,$"$k!W!J(Bibid:287$B!K!#AjBP $B!!$3$N%V%m%C%/$N5DO@$OAjBP$C$F8=$N7A$GDs<($9$k$K$OJL$N8@8l$J$j35G0BN7O$,I,MW$H$J$k$N$bEvA3$N$3$H$@$H$$$($h$&!#$7$+$7$lJL8D$NG'<1BN7O$r$"$F$,$C$F$d$kI,MW$O$^$C$?$/$J$$$N$G$"$k!#

VI

$B8xJ?$r4|$9$?$a$KIU$12C$($F$*$3$&!#0J>e$N5DO@$O%V%m%C%/$d%9%Z%k%Y%k$NAjBPe$GHcH=$r2C$($?5DO@$K$h$i$:$H$bJL$NO@5r$d>Z5r$K4p$E$$$F!"!XG'<1E*IaJW!J(Bcognitive universals$B!K(B $B!Y$NB8:_$re$2$FLdBj$K$7$?$N$O!"$=$3$K6&DL$7$F8+$i$l$k8@8l;v>]$K$?$$$9$k:,?<$$8mG'$KCm0U$r8~$1$?$$$,$?$a$G$"$C$?!#(B

$B!!H`$i$N5DO@!"$=$7$FAjBPZ$7$F$$$k$,!"$J$K$b;m?M$r$b$A$@$9$^$G$b$J$/!"2f!9$NF|>oE*$J8@8l;HMQ$N2aDx$b$1$C$7$F$=$l$HL51o$J$o$1$G$O$J$$!#;R6!$,Bg?M$N@.=O$7$?35G0$r=$F@$9$k0JA0$K$=$N8@MU$rMQ$$$F8l$k$3$H$r3X$S;O$a$k$H$$$&;vDj$7$?$j3NDj$7$h$&$H$9$kEXNO$,$D$M$K:$Fq$K4Y$k$H$$$&;v$N$"$k$b$N$H$N!X%:%l!Y$H$7$F9=C[$5$l$?$b$N$@$H$o$+$k$+$i$G$"$k!#$7$+$7$3$l$O8e$NOC$@!#$^$:$=$NA0$K!"KAF,$G8@5Z$7$?$^$^$N!"AjBP

VII

$B!V0[$J$kJ82=$KB0$9?M!9$O0[$J$k@$3&$K=;$`!"0[$J$k35G0BN7O$r;}$D!"7P83$r0[$J$k;EJ}$GAH?%$7$F$$$k!"!%!%!%!W$3$&$7$?AjBP$K$b0[J82=$NM}2r$i$7$-$b$N$K@.8y$7$F$$$k$H$$$&;v$K$3$NL?Bj$K4^$^$l$k6KC<$JAjBPe5-$NL?Bj$,EP>l$9$k!#(Bchitsukizi $B$H!XE\$j!Y$OF1$8$3$H$r0UL#$7$F$$$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$!"$H$$$&$o$1$@!#H`$O$3$l$KEz$($k$9$Y$rCN$i$J$$!#4Q;!$5$l$?IW$NI=>p$d9TF0$,2f!9$,!XE\$j!Y$H8F$V$b$N$H9s;w$7$F$$$k$H$+!"$"$k$$$O2f!9$,!XE\$j!Y$r46$8$k$@$m$&>lLL$G$d$O$jH`$i$b(B chitsukizi $B$r46$8$k$H8@$&$H$$$C$?>Z5r$,Ds=P$5$l$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!#$7$+$74Q;!$5$l$?N`;w$,>Z5r$H$J$k$N$J$i!"2f!9$OGO$dG-$N46>p@83h$K$D$$$F$bF1MM$K8l$j$&$k$H$$$&$3$H$K$J$m$&!#8=CO?M$N46>p@83h$H2f!9$N$=$l$,F1$8$G$"$k$H$$$&>Z5r$OZ5r$rl$G?M!9$,5c$/$N$O!"(Bchitsukizi $B$r46$8$?$?$a$G$"$k$J$I$H8l$k!#$3$NNc$O%1%K%d$N%I%%%k%^B2$K$D$$$F$N$b$N$@!#!K(B

$B!!?MN`3Xl$9$k$3$H$K$J$k!#$=$7$F$=$l$K$h$C$F5?Ld$K$5$i$5$l$?K]Lu$N@5Ev@-!"35G0$NF10l@-$r>ZL@$9$k$3$H$,!"$=$NETEY$[$H$s$IIT2DG=$K6a$$$3$H$r;W$$$7$i$5$l$k$N$G$"$k!#Z$O:F$S$I$3$K$b$J$$!#$+$/$7$F?MN`3X$O!X86M}E*!Y$K$ON)$A1}@8$9$k$7$+$J$$$3$H$K$J$k!#3N$+$K$3$s$J7kO@$rG'$a$k$o$1$K$O$$$+$J$$$@$m$&!#$7$+$7F1;~$KL@$i$+$K$J$C$?$3$H$,0l$D$"$k!#$3$3$G2f!9$,D>LL$7$F$$$kLdBj$O!"AjBPZL@$9$k$3$H$,!X86M}E*!Y$KIT2DG=$G$"$k$H$$$&E@$G$O!"$J$s$N0c$$$b$J$$$N$G$"$k!#$H$9$k$HAjBP/!9$NIaJW$rF3$-$$$l$?$H$3$m$G$J$s$i2r7h$K$O$J$C$F$$$J$$$3$H$K$J$k!#$^$9$^$9$3$s$J7kO@$rG'$a$k$o$1$K$O$$$+$J$$$N$G$"$k!#(B

$B!!$*$=$i$/?MN`3X$rIT2DG=$K$9$k5DO@$h$j$O!"$=$l$r2DG=$K$9$k5DO@$N$[$&$,$O$k$+$K@8;:E*$G$"$k!#$7$+$7?6$j;R$r5U$K?6$C$F!"Nc$($P!"$9$Y$F$N35G0$O$"$i$f$kJ82=$GIaJWE*$J0UL#$N86;R$N$h$&$J$b$N$NAH$_9g$o$;$G$G$-$F$$$k$H$$$C$?N`$NIaJWe$K!">ZL@$9$k$Y$-$=$7$F>ZL@$N$*$=$m$7$/:$Fq$JG|Bg$JIi:D$rJz$(9~$`$3$H$K$J$k$+$i$G$"$k!#2J3X$N?JJb$K$=$l$r0Q$M$k$H$$$&$N$b$h$$$,!"$`$7$mG|Bg$JIi:D$K6l$7$`$/$i$$$J$i!">/!9$NBe2A$O$=$NETEY;YJ'$C$?$[$&$,$h$[$IM}$K$+$J$C$F$$$k$H$$$&$b$N$G$"$m$&!#(B

VIII

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IX

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$B;29MJ88%(B

Berlin, B., & P. Kay, 1969, Basic Color Terms University of California Press.

Block, M., 1977, "The Past and The Present in the Present," Man(n.s.) Vol. 12:278-292.

Cicourel, A., 1974, Cognitive Sociology. New Uprl: The Free Press.

Garfinkel, H., 1967, Studies in Ethnomethodology, Englewood Cliffe: Prentice-Hall.

Geertz, C., 1984, "Anti Anti-Relativism," American Anthropologists Vol. 86(2): 263-278.

Gellner, E., 1985, Relativism and Social Sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Leiter, K., 1980, A Primer on Ethnomethodology, Oxford University Press.

Mehan, H., & H. Wood, 1975, The Reality of Ethnomethodology, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

$BD9Eg?.90(B, 1985,$B!V Needham, R., ed., 1971, Rethinking Kinship and Marriage, London: Tavistock Publications.

Needham, R., 1972, Belief, Language, and Experience, Chicago: University of Chicago press.

Ricoeur, P., 1977, The rule of Metaphor, University of Tronto Press.

Sperber, D., 1984, $B!X?MN`3X$H$O$J$K$+!Y?{Ln=b